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What
is telnet and do I need it?
Telnet
is a protocol that allows you to virtually access your files as
if you were using a computer terminal at the server. Most users
don't need telnet unless they are compiling software or setting
permissions on programs. Please contact
us
if you need telnet access.
The implementation
of telnet that we use is called SSH, it's more secure than regular
telnet, to gain telnet access you will need to download SSH software
by clicking
here.
(for
Macintosh version Click
Here).
Program
Setup:
Protocol:
SSH
Hostname: yourname.com
Port: 22
Cipher: 3DES
Authentication: RSA
To create a key click 'Advanced' then 'Create Identity File'
Copy and
paste this RSA key created into the SSH button in your control,
it will also ask for your IP address, click OK, wait 10 minutes
and click connect and you're in via telnet.
Why
we use SSH:
As the
internet grows it is more frequently the subject of security breaches.
The easiest way to hack a web site is to setup a sniff program,
usually at an ISP and grab the username and password where a user
is logging into. This is very easily done when a client uses telnet
because telnet passes all information to the server in clear text.
When we allowed users to access our network with telnet we had at
least one hack attempt per day. Successful hack attempts result
in damaged or destroyed sites, stolen information, and FBI investigations.
Masterpiece Hosting now has one of the most secure networks thanks
to the cooperation of all shell account users who are abandoning
telnet and accessing their account via Secure Shell (SSH). SSH does
not pass any information in clear text but rather uses secure encryption.
To get started with SSH, you must do the following:
A. Acquire client side software
There are two companies we recommend who sell client versions of
SSH.
1) The most stable is SecureCRT. They have a 30 day free trial available
at their web site. SecureCRT is at http://www.vandyke.com/products/SecureCRT/
2) A stable
international version is available at
Datafellows http://www.datafellows.com/download-purchase/
and users
looking for a free version or users outside the United States should
file through the free implementations at
http://www.net.lut.ac.uk/psst/
Pay attention
to the totally free internationally available ttssh:
http://www.zip.com.au/~roca/ttssh.html
Masterpiece
Hosting must enable SSH on your server for your account.
B. Follow the SSH client side software instructions to generate
an RSA key.
C. Install the key in the SSH section of your Masterpiece Hosting
Virtual Domain control panel.
Using
UNIX
The
following is a list of UNIX commands that we found helpful when
modifying your web sites on the server. Most UNIX commands have
many options and parameters which are not listed here. For more
complete information on using UNIX commands, you can refer to the
online manual by typing man
[command] at the UNIX prompt,
where "[command]" represents the command you would like
more information about. Other UNIX help commands you can type are
[command] -?
and [command] --help.
Note:
When something is specified in brackets, such as [command]
or [filename],
it is used to indicate that you must input your desired information
here. Do NOT include brackets in
your command.
Navigating
in UNIX
pwd
Shows the
full path of the current directory
ls
Lists all
the files in the current directory
ls -al
Lists all
files and information
ls –alR
Lists all
files and information in all sub-directories
ls -alR
| more
Same as
ls –alR, pausing when screen becomes full
ls -alR
> filename.txt
Same as
ls –alR, outputs the results to a file
ls -al
/home/usr/bob/
Lists files
and information for /home/usr/bob
ls *.html
Lists all
files ending with .html
cd [directory
name]
Changes
to a new directory
cd ..
Changes
to directory above current one
Moving,
Copying and Deleting Files
mv [old
filename] [new filename]
Move/rename
a file
cp [filename]
[new filename]
Copies
a file
rm [filename]
Deletes
a file
rm *
Deletes
all files in current directory
rm *.html
Deletes
all files ending in .html
Creating,
Moving, Copying and Deleting Directories
mkdir
[directory name]
Creates
a new directory
ls -d
*/
Lists all
directories within current directory
cp -r
[directory] [new directory]
Copies
a directory and all files/directories in it
rmdir
[directory name]
Removes
a directory if it is empty
rm -r
[directory name]
Removes
a directory and all files in it
Searching
Files and Directories
find
. -name [filename] -print
Searches
for a file starting with current directory
grep
[text] [filename]
Searches
for text within a file
File
and Directory Permissions
There
are three levels of file permissions: read, write and execute. In
addition, there are three groups to which you can assign permissions:
file owner, user group and everyone. The command chmod followed
by three numbers is used to change permissions. The first number
is the permission for the owner, the second for the group and the
third for everyone. Here are how the levels of permission translate:
0
= ---
No
permission
1
= --X
Execute
only
2
= -W-
Write
only
3
= -WX
Write
and execute
4
= R--
Read
only
5
= R-X
Read
and execute
6
= RW-
Read
and write
7
= RWX
Read,
write and execute
It
is preferred that the group always have permission of 0. This
prevents other users on the server from browsing files via Telnet
and FTP. Here are the most common file permissions used:
chmod
604 [filename]
Minimum
permissions for HTML file
chmod
705 [directory name]
Minimum
permissions for directories
chmod
755 [filename]
Minimum
permissions for scripts & programs
chmod
606 [filename]
Permissions
for data files used by scripts
chmod
703 [directory name]
Write-only
permissions for public FTP uploading
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